Page 28 - Respond 2020 Magazine
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RESPOND

        EUROPE WILL SUPPORT                                                                                                                                                   EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY (ESA)



        CLIMATE ACTION FROM SPACE                                                                                                                                             The European Space Agency (ESA) is an
                                                                                                                                                                              intergovernmental organisation with the mission to
                                                                                                                                                                              shape the development of Europe’s space capability
                                                                                                                                                                              and ensure that investment in space delivers
                                                                                                                                                                              benefits to the citizens of Europe and the world.
              new satellite constellation is set to provide   Once in orbit, the mission’s satellites will carry several                                                      ESA develops the launchers, spacecraft and ground
              global carbon dioxide emission monitoring     spectrometers measuring in the visible, and near- and                                                             facilities needed to keep Europe at the forefront of
        A and support progress towards the Paris            shortwave-infrared spectral ranges, and additionally                                                              global space activities. ESA is working in particular
        Agreement goals.                                    sensors for measuring clouds and aerosol, which will allow
                                                            for retrieving accurate images of anthropogenic CO2. The                                                          with the EU on implementing the Galileo and
        A new satellite mission due to launch in 2025 will feed the   capability of distinguishing between naturally-occurring                                                Copernicus programmes as well as with EUMETSAT
        first global system for tracking carbon dioxide emissions   emissions and those generated by burning fossil fuels will                                                for the development of meteorological missions.
        from fossil fuel combustion. It will equip countries with the   support the intense emissions-reduction efforts of the future.
        information they need to decarbonise their economies in
                                                            According to ESA’s CO2M mission scientist Dr Yasjka Meijer,
        order to meet their Paris Agreement commitments.
                                                            who is involved in detailing the new satellite’s specifications,
        Planning for the new Copernicus anthropogenic CO2   the mission will deliver data at a scale and accuracy that allow      as judge the impact of policy measures to reduce our   in advancing the scientific understanding of climate. Through
        monitoring mission - dubbed CO2M - is at an advanced   carbon dioxide emissions to be traced from continental, to         dependence on fossil fuels, such as switching energy   the ESA Climate Change Initiative, long-term and unified
        stage. It is being developed jointly by ESA, the European   country, to sub-national scales, “and will even identify sources   sources or implementing congestion charging.   records of Essential Climate Variables provide a whole-globe
        Commission, EUMETSAT and ECMWF, with funds subject   from cities or even single sources such as power stations.”                                                              view of the climate. These time series of climate variables
        to budgetary approval. The mission is intended to support,   The satellite’s capability of also measuring the co-emitted   Dr Meijer adds, “the data are independent and will act as   such as sea-level rise, melting glaciers and changing
        among others, the global stocktake, a mechanism under   NO2 supports the discrimination of individual plumes.             a useful cross-check, adding greater confidence with   polar ice sheets have supported the IPCC in its summary
        Article 14 of the Paris Agreement for assessing each                                                                      measurements in national emissions inventories.”
                                                            He adds that, “existing satellites give a relatively sparse view                                                          statements, including the recent special report on oceans
        country’s progress towards cutting emissions and reviewing                                                                                                                    and cryosphere.
                                                            of global CO2 and so don’t usefully inform the impact of              Being publicly available, there will also be an added layer
        targets that will need to be assessed every five years.
                                                            emissions reduction policies at a national level.”                    of transparency and accountability that is anticipated to   This new mission builds on this understanding and will play
        Accurate and detailed information on concentrations and                                                                   encourage best practice.
                                                            By contrast, CO2M will provide a global view with sufficient                                                              a crucial role in enabling the international community to take
        emissions of greenhouse gases is becoming increasingly                                                                                                                        the steps necessary to avert major climate disruption.
                                                            accuracy to capture plumes from individual sources. Its               Data from CO2M is expected to be collected on an
        urgent. Global average temperatures have already warmed
                                                            satellites, with a swath of 250 kilometres, will be able to           operational basis from 2026 onwards, in time to inform the
        by around 1C since pre-industrial times. The Arctic                                                                                                                           Carbon dioxide is on the rise. The planned ESA
                                                            provide 250 data points per second. This enables the                  2028 global stocktake.
        is undergoing a faster transition to a warmer climate,                                                                                                                        CO2M mission will help track progress towards Paris
                                                            constellation to scan the entire planet every two to three days.
        with annual warming two to three times higher than the                                                                    Satellite observations collected by ESA and its Member   Agreement goals.
        global average. Levels of atmospheric CO2 – which after   This improved capability is set to both enable countries        States over the past four decades have played a pivotal role
                                                                                                                                                                                      www.esa.int
        atmospheric water vapour makes the biggest contribution to   to assess progress towards their 2030 national emissions
        the greenhouse gas effect – reached a record 418 parts per   reduction targets as part of the Paris Agreement, as well
        million (ppm) in 2018 and is anticipated to continue to rise.
        The new CO2M of the European Copernicus programme will monitor man-made carbon dioxide from space and reveal its          This simulated image above north-east Germany reveals different sources from urban (Berlin) and industrial origin (lignite
        emission sources.                                                                                                         coal-fired power stations in Lippendorf, Jänschwalde, Boxberg and Turów over the Polish border).


































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